__Greenstein/Turner Negative Arguments__:
__Heidegger__
Critique of calculative thought and technologic mindsets. The argument is that the affirmative is an example of a rush to action without proper discussion and meditation prior to that action. This is bad for a few reasons. First, privileging calculative thought destroys meditative thought in the long term- Heidegger indicates that this could well be more dangerous than a third world war, because meditative thought would not make a recurrence, as well as the idea that humanity's distinction from other animals is its capacity to engage in meditative thought. Also, the file includes a criticism of technologic mindsets- this argues that the way in which the affirmative goes about knowing the subject of their affirmative is violent and dominating, in that it forces its subject into disclosing itself instead of allowing/inviting that disclosure. There are specific links to this in terms of health. Other links in the file: causality, objectivity, political processes, thought/action dichotomies, western metaphysics, world peace, and instrumentality of technology. The alternative is to attempt to engage Africa and the topic in a different frame, the frame that our argument suggests is a poetic one. We have evidence indicating that poetic expression of ideas has the potential to reformulate our relationship with that idea.
__The Gift Kritik__
link - development fosters feelings of indebtedness and expectation of a "return gift" in appreciation.
Link - reparations is a gift so that the receiver can be productive
Link - small gifts escalate - the recipient tries to return the gift "plus one" resulting in a competition to out-give
Impact - endless cycle of gift-giving, indebtedness. the giver re-inforces its position of power.
Alternative is the debt relief CP at the moment.

__Madagascar__ __malthus PIC__ – Excludes Madagascar – Biodiversity in Madagascar DA as the net Benefit
__OFFSETS CP-__
this counterplan takes money from current aid programs that are failing (IE abstinence only) and gives it to the plan - NB is spending or any reason new spending is bad (fisc. discipline etc)
__Zimbabwe__ __PIC__-gives aid to all countries in SSA except Zimbabwe. We
read evidence saying corruption means the aid won't reach the people
to answer solvency. The net benefit is a Mugabe bad disad:
U-Mugabe on the way out now
L-foreign aid props up his regime
I-genocide, etc.

__Liberia__ __PIC__-Corruption jacks solvency. Net benefit is the deportation
DA. This DA says legislation allowing Liberian immigrants in the US
is passing because Liberia is perceived as unstable. The plan changes
this perception which means the legislation doesn't pass, and
Liberians get deported. The impact is Liberian unemployment growth
and instability, which triggers regional instability and thus a
nuclear conflict.
__Survillance Neg__
Offense:
Info Overload (from fast surveillance) --> Econ collapse b/c of
tourism/trade pull out ---> poverty ---> more disease
Stovepiping--> Sur. t/o resources with local care, simple things like
bacterial infctions ignored and people die from this more often
CPs:
China
France
WHO
Defense:
Countries won't report even with info
No infrastructure
No bioweapons
No bird flu mutation/pandemic
US won't intervene in genocides
Diseases like ebola burn out before pandemic
Bureaucracy in survelliance prevents effectivness
Lots of different types of survelliance programs that cant work
together

__Ewaste Neg__
Offense
CIL kills SOP--> SOP key prevent nuclear war
CIL kills federalism--> Fism key to prevent ethnic wars, modeling?
CIL kills Prez Powers--> Prez powers key to US hege
CIL = western norms & forced pon other countries
Defense
CIL won't spill over
CIL can't be enforced
Ewaste banned to Africa goes to China or prisoners
CP
Cap-and-Trade CP (tradable permits) instead of tax to decrease ewaste,
nb: biz con

__Debt Cancellation Counterplan:__
Has the U.S. cancel all debt that the USFG claims Africa owes it. Solvency: Lots of general stuff saying the debt is the single biggest impediment to African prosperity, Solves disease (enables them to build own health infrastructures), It is a form of reparations, the debt was acquired illegitimately, Solves western domination, and answers to the arguments that it's been done before.

__Water Neg:__
Contains the Environmental Security K: Links specific to water wars. Impact is human extinction, because managerial solutions exacerbate the problem. Alternative: Re-think the relationship with the environment. Impact extensions: Genocide, and an Apartheid-like state.
Water Wars Advantage: Lots of defense--water wars won't happen. Three turns: Water wars focus on only one type of conflict, allowing others to run rampant. Water problems are good, because they force other nations to resolve conflict. Water Wars rhetoric reinforces neoliberalism, which causes war and violence.
Defensive frontlines to all other disclosed advantages.
Links to politics (plan popular) and Spending
Ethiopia PIC: Do the plan in all SSA nations except Ethiopia.
Net benefits: U.S.-Egypt relations DA: U.S.-Egypt relations high (or at least not really low) now. Egypt and Ethiopia are at conflict over the Nile--Ethiopia wants more access to it, but Egypt has prevented this--the only thing stopping them from greater access to the Nile is a lack of aid. Egypt says any attempt to infringe on the Nile is an act of war. Analytical: Plan gives that aid to Ethiopia, but not Egypt, allowing Ethiopia access to the nile, and angering Egypt. U.S.-Egypt relations Key to prevent Mideast war, which goes nuclear.
Extensions: Relations key to heg, preventing arab-israeli war, which both go nuclear.
France DA: france just made a treaty with ethiopia that they are going to be economically cooperative. france really really cares about influencing ethiopia. france gets pissed when us influences ethiopia. us and france need to cooperate on development, or some other impact--we'll update this when we have the specific impact.
__IPR Neg__
US buy drugs CP - Simple enough. The CP has the U.S. buy the drugs from the pharmaceutical companies and distributes them to SSA. Avoids DAs based off of the pharm. industry.
T-Assistance = material aid - the aff eliminates a barrier to PH in SSA but doesn't directly increase U.S. assistance.
Pharmaceutical DA - Pharm. industry R&D is high now. The plan freaks the industry out. They'll be afraid that the government will eliminate their IPRs on other drugs so they will lose the incentive to invest in further innovation. This kills the industry which is key to the economy. Also, innovation is key to drugs for emerging diseases, turning case.

Reverse Brain Drain DA - Health care workers usually travel to the United States to get training and for work but the health problems Africa faces usually motivate them to go back. The plan stops the cycle and prevents Africa from gaining new knowledge in the future.
__fem IR:__
links
1. militarism/realism based on construction of masculine identity
2. public/private dichotomy restricts women to private sphere
3. capitalism/global political economy ignore gender relations
4. medicine/knowledge/science constructed as absolute truth and made to exclude feminine identity
5. tech/agriculture/water improvement imposed on third world ignores social considerations of societies
impacts: gender violence, marginalization, militarism
alts: rethink security, postmodernism, view from feminist standpoint, deconstruct gender, decenter dominant identity, assert agency

__third world fem__
links:
1. women's rights defined by west
2. generic foreign aid
3. idea of "third world women" creates hierarchy
4. imperialism reinforces patriarchy
impacts: cultural legitimacy, colonialism
alternatives: embrace the other, cross cultural communication, reject western feminist imposition, recognize difference, reject assimilation, global reconceptualization, create a new discourse, study matrix of domination

__Uganda PIC__ has corruption turns, and some solvency turns. The net
benefit is an inflation scenario:
unx- ugandan econ good now
link- plan causes inflation
int link- inflation hurts economy
impact- ugandan econ key to prevent terrorism

__Sudan PIC__ has corruption turns with genocide impacts and china disad
links.

__Spending DA supplement__
sacred cow links,biz con, inflation, committee chairperson, runaway spending, and
deficit spending

__Nigeria____:__
This CP does the plan in all countries except for in Nigeria where the
plan will be done on the condition that Mugabe gives 50% of oil
profits to the Niger Delta region. Our uniqueness is that violence is
high and much of the oil infrastructure will collapse by 08. The CP
avoids this by pacifying the militants. They stop the violence and
avoid the collapse of the Nigerian oil industry. The impact to this
is global oil price rises. This would increase terrorism and collapse
the global economy.

__Swaziland____:__
This can be run like the Nigeria PIC-- so the funding could be given
to Swaziland on the condition that they implement democratic reforms.
Corruption is high in Swaziland and those reforms are critical to
solving corruption. The impacts are famine, poverty, economy and
instability in the region.It can also be run just as a country PIC. Democratic reforms are
being implemented now but the plan's money is funneled to the
government which increases corruption. That leads to famine, poverty,
economy and instability in the region.
__ss infrastructure__
franco-us relations:
france is dedicated to development of ethiopia
france supports multilateralism, but not US leadership, in the horn of africa
US leadership decreases franco-us cooperation in africa
cooperation key to: resolving ethiopia/eritrea conflict, civil conflict in horn of africa

__Reparations Bad:__
1. Reparations don't solve
2. Reparations disempower/victimize
3. Reparations are too vague - How much, to who, who do we exclude?
4. Reparations are bad - we shouldn't give them
CP – Unjust enrichment

__Collective Guilt Bad__ - We shouldn't feel guilty for the faults of our ancestors. Not all our ancestors did reparations. Black people helped us colonize and caught slaves for us.

__India Deal__:
Bush Good - Bush pushing bill (succeeding), plan kills pol cap, deal
good
Bush Bad - Bush pushing bill (failing), plan increases pol cap, deal
bad

__Offsets CP__:
Examples of offsets:Roll Back Malaria, Abstinence only, Pepfar ARVs

__Prostitution pledge__:
Human rights case turn

__Gag Rule__:
Democratic peace theory defense
Various case defense


__ARVs bad__-ARVs are not taken properly and thus create ARV resistant strains of HIV.
__Stovepipping is bad__. Funneling all funds towards 1 disease destroys health infrastructure throughout Africa. This leads thousands more to die as well as the AIDS patients they are trying to treat.
__Farm Bill__
The farm bill is passing now in the Senate and the plan does something to make it not pass. passing the farm bill is key to cutting agricultural subsidies which are destroying the WTO the wto is key to free trade the farm bill is also key to cellulosic ethanol which is key to stopping global warming.
the links are delay and political capital
__China__ __Pan K__-- Knowing China and constructing china as a threat leads
to a self fulfilling policy. Rejection of the discourse opens space
for solvency without war.

__Malthus Pic__--Do the plan and pic out of: Nigeria,Burundi, Kenya, East
Africa, Rwanda. Checking death in one of these countries prevents war,
genocide, and other Malthusian impacts from the generic.
or Do the plan and pic out of Madagascar. Death check in Madagascar are
key to prevent overpopulation which hurts biodiversity. Loss of
keystone species, namely the fossa unravels the web of life.
Overpopulation in Madagascar also causes deforestation and global
warming. The rain forest of Madagascar also have cool plants which we
get lots of drugs from.



__Ethics K__-- (Bauman) Moral obligations and ethical codes separate our
feelings from our actions and justify actions like the holocaust.
__Ethics K__
Badiou ethics
Ethics connected to the portrayal of victims removes the positive =
qualities of people, reducing them to bare life.
Ethics in foreign policy supports the management of crises in the =
present and the prevention of evil, which prevents mobilization for =
a positive good. Also the fear of evil discourages positive =
action.
Imperialism
US universal ethics forces western ethics onto others, causing =
imperialism. Development, Genocide, Human Rights, Women's rights =
and universal ethics link.
Realism
Ethical foreign policy ignores consequences and pushes out regional =
experts for black and white solutions. Also ethical foreign policy =
allows leaders to raise themsevles above authorization from =
congress by appealing to morality.
Diaspora K
The reparations aff only gives assistance to Africa, portraying it =
as a stable area, excluding the African diaspora from the =
reparation.
__postcolonialism__—
discussing africa out of the context of history of colonialism and western intervention ignores the oppression & inequalities that still exist; masks violence and cultural imperialism; must reexamine role the US plays in Africa
__Health Workers Neg__
here will be a defensive solvency frontline with some inevitability and alternate causality arguments There will be a counterplan that will probably be another country giving the incentives (or grants to developing countries) and / or withold diplomas for 3-5 years / other which i havent found yet

__Advantage CPs__ – The file consists of counterplans to simply suck up aff advantages including:
Kenyan Hunger
Angola Hunger
Traditional healers integration
Gender discrimination - simply fund a gender abuse hotline that needs more money to accomodate the volume of calls.
Forestation
Solar cookers - fund solar cookers international
Biodiversity -fund African Wildlife Foundation
Technology - fund "Program for Appropriate Tech in Health"
Health general - fund Project Hope
Energy security - fund E+C0
HIV/AIDS - fund "concern worldwide" foundation
Sex discrimination - fund SWEAT
Soft Power - Public Diplomacy CP

Re-fund the UNFPA - solves
a. reproductive health
b. soft power
c. gender discrimination

sign CEDAW - solves
a. Soft power
b. gender discrimination

Funding counterplans -
Bill/Melinda Gates foundation
Walton Family, Carlos Helu
Norway, Sweden, Denmark (as a unit)
Norway
Warren Buffet
Dubai
World Bank CP

miscellaneous -
Family planning neg-
PIC out of Uganda, intervention reverses current trends that are going well in Uganda

Hyphen PIC -
Marcuse card saying Hyphens lead to nuclear war. CP is to exclude the hyphen.

Neg Vs Decolonize Your Mind

NAS PIC -
Nas is wrong. the third verse contains multiple factual errors, and the pic
argues that's a pretty terrible place to begin re-writing history as
afrocentric and turns case. The CP excludes using the Nas song as a
perspective to be heeded.

Ben Folds counter-advocacy - "rockin' the suburbs" - the song speaks for
itself.
Spice Girls - "two become one" is also an option on the table. we would use
the song to prove that our advocacy can include theirs.